A lightning rod, also known as a lightning conductor, is typically made of a conductive material and is installed on the highest point of a building or structure. It operates on a simple principle to protect structures from lightning strikes. When lightning approaches, the rods elevated position attracts the lightning bolt, which then follows the conductive path to the ground. It provides a safe pathway for the lightnings immense electrical energy to travel harmlessly into the ground, reducing the risk of damage or fire.